Elections in California are held to fill various local, state and federal seats. In California, regular elections are held every even year (such as 2006 and 2008); however, some seats have terms of office that are longer than two years, so not every seat is on the ballot in every election. Special elections may be held to fill vacancies at other points in time. Recall elections can also be held. Additionally, statewide initiatives, legislative referrals and referenda may be on the ballot.
Elected offices
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Federal
As with every other state in the United States, California participates in Federal elections including electing Representatives to the House of Representatives, and Senators to the Senate. Additionally, the state (as of 2010) casts 55 votes in the Electoral College during Presidential elections.
President
Every four years (since 1792), the United States holds a national indirect election for President and Vice President. In such elections, voters cast their votes for a slate of representatives (electors) who have pledged to cast their votes for a particular presidential and vice presidential candidate (a ticket) in the Electoral College. During the election, the voters of the state select the slate of electors on the ballot by voting for the ticket that they are pledged to. The slate of electors pledged to the ticket with the most votes statewide gets to vote in the Electoral College. Although, the electors are not obligated to vote for the candidates they are pledged to, they usually do. The number of electors the state is allocated is equal to the number representatives in Congress that the state has (the members in the House of Representatives, plus the two senators).
Senate
California, like all other states in the United States, is represented in the United States Senate by two Senators. In addition to Representatives in the House of Representatives, California's Senators represent the state's constituents in Congress. Both Kamala Harris, and Dianne Feinstein currently serve as the state's representatives. Each senator is elected to serve a six year term with Harris having last been elected in 2016 (filling the recently vacated seat of former ret. US Senator Barbara Boxer) and Feinstein in 2012. Each U.S. Senator is elected in a statewide election following earlier primary elections typically held in the first week of June during which both major national parties (the Democrats and Republicans) and minor parties nominate candidates via popular vote. There is no limit to the number of terms which any senator may serve so long as they continue to be elected to the position via statewide vote.
House of Representatives
Similarly, California is also represented in the US Congress by fifty three Congressional Representatives representing the fifty three congressional districts in the state. As in all other states, these congressional districts are reapportioned every ten years following the release of a new census. Due to its status as the most populous state in the union, California has the largest number of representatives of any single state in Congress. These Congresswomen and men are elected for two year terms as per the rules of the House of Representatives and currently feature a number of prominent members of the body such as House majority leader Kevin McCarthy, and House minority leader and former Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi.
State
California has a gubernatorial election every four years and, in 2003, it had a recall election. Primary elections were held in March or June until 2008, when they were held in February. General elections, which cover statewide issues, continue to be held in November. On a county-by-county basis, elections also cover electing municipal leaders. In addition, a special election can occur at any time.
Local
In addition, many if not most of California's county, city, school district, community college district, health care district, municipal utility district, transit district and other special district officers are elected.
Effective January 1, 2018, all of California's cities, K-12 school districts, community college districts and special districts will have to move its election dates to a statewide election (Primary or general) held during a even-numbered year due to the passage of Senate Bill 415 (California Voter Participation Rights Act), which was approved by the California Senate and Assembly and signed by the Governor in 2015. The 2018 elections will be held on June 5 (primary) and November 6 (general). Starting in 2020, the Presidential Primary will move to March which also include the US House of Representatives, California State Senate and Assembly and County Boards of Supervisors. US Senate Primary in California will take place in March 2022. Los Angeles City Council and School Board will have its Primary election in March and its runoff election in November beginning in 2020, due to the passage of Charter Amendments 1 and 2 during the 2015 elections.
Procedure
Pursuant to Proposition 14 (2010), California uses a nonpartisan blanket primary for "voter-nominated" offices, which include:
- United States Senators,
- United States Representatives,
- State Senators,
- State Assembly members,
- the Governor,
- the Lieutenant Governor,
- the State Treasurer,
- the State Controller,
- the State Insurance Commissioner,
- the State Superintendent of Public Instruction (nonpartisan),
- the Secretary of State,
- and the State Attorney General.
In this system voters may vote for any candidate in the primary and the top two candidates who receive the most votes advance to the general election. Elections for President, Vice President, political party state central committees, and county central committees are "party-nominated".
Candidates may qualify in one of two ways: by payment of a fee, or by the collection of registered voters' signatures on an in-lieu-of-filing-fee petition. Candidates must also file a "candidate intention statement" with the Secretary of State, as well as nomination forms with their home county.
Political parties
There are six qualified political parties:
- American Independent Party
- California Democratic Party (see also Democratic Party)
- Green Party of California (see also Green Party)
- Libertarian Party of California (see also Libertarian Party)
- Peace and Freedom Party
- California Republican Party (see also Republican Party)
Only the Democratic Party and Republican Party currently have representation in the State Legislature. However, Audie Bock, a member of the Green Party, was elected in 1999 during what is known as special election musical chairs.
Local elections in California at the county and city level are officially non-partisan and political party affiliations are not included on local election ballots.
Ballot propositions
A ballot proposition is a proposed law that is submitted to the electorate for approval in a direct vote (or plebiscite). It may take the form of a constitutional amendment or an ordinary statute. A ballot proposition may be proposed by the State Legislature or by a petition signed by members of the public under the initiative system. In California a vote on a measure referred to voters by the legislature is a mandatory referendum; a vote to veto a law that has already been adopted by the legislature is an optional referendum or "people's veto"; the process of proposing laws by petition is the initiative.
Future elections
- June 5, 2018: California Primary election
- November 6, 2018: United States gubernatorial elections, 2018#California
Past elections
See lists on the side for past election results.
See also
- Elections in the United States
- Electoral reform in California
- Government of California
- List of California ballot propositions
- List of California Governors
- Political party strength in California
- Politics of California
- U.S. Congressional Delegations from California
References
Bibliography
- California Secretary of State - On-Line Lists of Candidates
- JoinCalifornia - California Election Statistics
External links
- California Elections and Voter Information from the California Secretary of State official website
- Official Voter Information Guide
- California at Ballotpedia
- California Election Statistics One Voter Project
- Elections Information California Voter Foundation
